مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 65، امرداد و شهریور 1392)

Diarrhea is one of the worldwide health problems and also one of the most common causes of children’s death. In this study the effect of Artemisia aucheri on castor oil-induced diarrhea was investigated. In this experimental study 30 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as flowing: group receiving. Artemisia aucheri in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, Diphenoxylate 5 mg/kg; and control group solvent (Physiology cerum). One hour after drugs orally receiving or (normal saline 10 ml/kg), each animal was given castor oil (2 ml/rat) by an oro-gastric catheter. Then the rat's defection was placed in to a separate cage and observed for 5 h to determine fecal quality, frequency, and weight. Data were analyzed useing one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests and P<0.05 was considered as significant difference. Artemisia aucheri in doses of 100 and 200 and Diphenoxylate attenuated showed the weight loss percentage, frequency and weight of stool (P<0.01). Artemisia aucheri 200 also decreased water content of stool (P<0.05), compare with control group. Extract of Artemisia aucheri plant has the same effects as Diphenoxylate has on attenuating castor oil - induced diarrhea symptoms and it also reduce fecal water content. With further research, it might be used as a new drug for curing diarrohea.

Homocysteine and insulin resistance are two cardiovascular risk factors and the levels of homocysteine can be decreased by insulin and increased by insulin resistance states. The purpose of this research was to determine the homocysteine serum levels and insulin resistance and to investigate the relationship between them after a single circuit resistance exercise in overweight women. Participants of this clinical trial study were inactive women between 30-40 years old who were randomly divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=9). Exercise protocol included 9 exercises with intensity of 40% of participants 1RM. After 12 hours overnight fast, blood levels of homocysteine, insulin and glucose were measured 30 minutes before and immediately after the exercise. Dependent t-test was used to compare the results of pretest and post tests. Indeperdent t-test was used to compare the results between the groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine and insulin resistance. The analysis of data showed a significant increase in levels of homocysteine and glucose and insulin of serum, and insulin resistance after training in the experimental group (P<0.05). These changes were significant compared with control group. The results of correlation coefficient didn`t show significant relationship between homocysteine and insulin resistance. According to the results obtain from one session circuit resistance which increased the levels of Homocysteine and insulin resistance in serum in overweight women, these exercises might probably increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in long time

One of the effective strategies to reduce the hypotension after spinal anesthesia is using low dose of local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of spinal anesthesia with small dose of bupivacaine and sufentanil with traditional dose of bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery of lower limb. In this clinical-trial study, 150 patients were registered for lower limb orthopedic surgery from 2009 to 2010. Patients were randomly divided in to two groups, case group (n=75) who underwent spinal anesthesia with 7.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 5 µg sufentanil and control group (n=75) who underwent spinal anesthesia with 15 mg bupivacaine 0.5%. Factors associated with spinal anastesia such as changes in blood pressure, block anesthesia pains and itching during and after spinal anesthesia were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using t-test and fisher test. Demographic variables were not significantly different between two groups. Hypotension occurred in the first 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia and more common in control group so need to use vasopressor more in control group. Changes in systolic blood prepsure in the minutes 1-3, 3-5 and 5-10 (P=0.01) and changes in systolic blood presses in the minutes 1-3, 5-10, 10-15 were significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Also changes in the mean blood pressure in the minutes 1-3, 5-10, 10-15, (P<0.05) and the maximun of motor block were significant berween the two groups (P<0.01). Vomiting and the need for injection were more in case groups P<0.01, while itching was more observed in control group (P<0.05). Findings showed that spinal anesthesia with small dose of bupivacaine and sufentanil provided successful analgesia respect to spinal anesthesia with usual dose of bupivacaine and this method decrease the need for catecholamine and hypotension. So, it, s recommended to use low dose of bupivacaine and sufentanil in lower surgery limb.

There are many controversial reports about the toxic effects of mygdalin as an anticancer drug. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of amygdalin on the morphologic structure of mouse cerebellar cortex were investigated. Thirty two adult male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. In experimental group, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of amygdalin were injected to animals in case group for 30 days, while normal saline was injected to the animals in control group. Three days after the last injection, all the animals were anesthetized. After staining and preparation of microscopic slides of cerebellar cortex right lobe, the thickness of the molecular and granular layers with the number and sizes of purkinje cells were measured. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Dunn test. The size of Purkinje cells and thickness of molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum did not show a significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). However, the numbers of Purkinje cells showed a significant difference only in the amygdalin 10 group (9±0.34) compared with the control group (11 ± 0.34) but no significant difference was seen in amygdalin 25 (11 ± 0.44) compared with the amygdalin 10 group (9 ± 0.34) (P<0.05) The present study shows that injection of amygdalin with concentrations of 10 mg per kg may have detrimental effects on cortex of mouse cerebellum by decreasing the number of Purkinje cells.

Unfavorable emotional growth in adults may lead to addiction. This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ potential talent pertaining to addiction. This study is a descriptive analytical study. All male students of pre-universities in Shahrekord city participated in this study One hundred and twelve participnts were chosen based on the stage cluster sampling. In order to collect data emotional intelligence questionnaire and addictive potential survey (APS) were used. Data were analyzed based on Pearson and regression correlation. The results Showed that there is a negative significant relationship among the emotional intelligence (P<0.05, r=-0.37), emotional save order (P<0.01 r=-0.63, P<0.01 r=-0.60) and emotional usability (P<0.01 r=-0.51, P<0.01 r=-0.49) in students resident in city and in rural; area respectively and addiction vulnerability. Emotional intelligence and emotional save order components have the potential to predict the addiction tendency (P<0.01). Lack of emotional intelligence is one of the major factors that affect drug using tendency in students. Therefore, training is necessary for students.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic worldwide disorders that are associated with many pathological changes. This study seeks to investigate the effects of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) seeds on the liver functions following the injection of streptozotocin. In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats weighing 210-220gr were randomly selected and divided into seven equal groups: control group with no treatment, the case group which received only distilled water, the control group which treated with hydro alcoholic extract of carob seeds (600 mg/kg), the control diabetic group which received only streptozotocin and finally three experimental groups 1, 2, and 3 that received 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of oral hydroalcoholic extract of carob seeds for 16 days, respectively. At the end of the experiments, blood samples were obtained from all the above-mentioned groups and levels of the enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, total protein and albumin were measured in the samples. Data were analyzed using one –way ANOVA and LSD test. Concentration of AST, ALT, ALP in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 significantly decrease in respect to diabetic control group (P<0.05). The serum level of total protein in experimental group 3 showed a significant increase (P<0.05). In addition, in experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 concentration of albumin significantly increased compare with diabetic control group (P<0.05). Based on the results, consumption of hydro-alcholic seeds extracts is recommended to be used in diabetic patient's diet for reducing liver disorder.

Diabetes is an abnormality in metabolism which occurs because of hyperglycemia resulting from failure in insulin release, function, or both. This study aims to examine the effects of the mucilage extracted from pods of Hibscus esculentus fruits on prevention from increase in fasting glucose and lipid profile in serum of the rats made diabetic by stretozotocin. In this experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were enrolled. The rats were divided into three 10-member groups: healthy control, diabetic control, and mucilage-treated case. After preparing and confirming the type of H. esculentus, mucilage extraction from the fruit’s green okra was done by evaporation device in vacuum. The mucilage-treated group rats received 2 g/kgbw of the mucilage extracted from H.esculentus daily for two weeks and were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin in 60 mg/kgbw dose. After confirming diabetes, the animals received the same amount of mucilage daily for three weeks through gavages. Prior to diabetes induction and at the end of the experiment, blood collection was done from all animals and the factors of interest were examined. The data analyzed by SPSS software using Wilcox on, Friedman, Kruskal-wallis, and ANOVA. A significantly higher increase in glucose, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride was observed in diabetic rats compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). Mucilage consumption also led to a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The mucilage extracted from H. esculentus could be effective on prevention from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus.

The term “emotional intelligence” is referred to the quality of understanding people’s emotions, sympathizing with other people, and the ability to manage temperament efficiently. Since useful effects of Ramadan fasting on human’s psychological aspects are increasingly being confirmed, this research aims to examine fasting effect on emotional intelligence and its parameters. This prospective, self-control, cohort study was conducted on 32 volunteer male students of Shahrekord Seminary enrolled based on available method in Ramadan of 2010. Emotional intelligence was evaluated according to 15 subscales using BAR-ON questionnaire in three steps (one week prior to, at the end of, and after Ramadan), and the data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA test. The mean emotional intelligence in the three steps was different (P<0.001), and the highest value (125.59 ± 8.51) was obtained for the second step. Except for independence, in other subscales, there were significant differences among the steps (P<0.05), and self-awareness, responsibility, empathy, and mental pressure tolerance underwent an increase in the second step (at the end of Ramadan). According to the results of this study, fasting could be one of the factors influencing emotional intelligence. However, more research on fasting association with emotional intelligence and awareness of the underlying processes which affect this association is needed to arrive at a definite conclusion.

Injection of agents that scavenge oxidative radicals into the ovarian bursa of mouse could reduce ovulation rate. Vitamin E as a powerful antioxidant inhibits reactive oxygen species, and on the other hand, pentoxifylline improves capillary blood stream and tissue oxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these compounds on the growth of ovarian follicles in rat. In this laboratory experimental study, 32 female rats were divided into four groups: control (injected with physiology serum), vitamin E (intramuscular injection of 100 mg/kg once a day), pentoxifylline (50 mg /kg, given orally once a day), and combination of pentoxifylline and vitamin E (with the same concentration). After a 28-day treatment, rats were anesthetized, ovaries were removed from each rat separately, and tissue section stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Sudan Black for light microscopic examination. A significant decrease in corpus luteum, primary follicles, and graph follicles number was observed in the experimental groups compared to the control (P<0.05). In addition, the number of atretic follicles in the experimental groups was higher than the control (P<0.05). Vitamin E and pentoxifylline have antioxidant property that negatively affect on the maturation of ovarian follicles.

One of the important issues in corrective exercises is the measurement of arches of spine, especially kyphosis and lordosis. One of these instruments is Formetric 4D system which is very accurate and with no danger of rays. The purpose of this descriptive research is to examine validity and reliability of formetric 4D system in measuring deformities in kyphosis and lordosis. This descriptive study was conducted on 27 female patients. Statistical society of this study was patients referred to orthopedist and neurologists in Arak, Iran. Sampling was conducted using convenience method. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to check intratester reliability of system, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine its validity. All data analyses were done by SPSS and significance was considered at P<0.05. Findings showed that validity of formetric 4D systems in measurement of angles of kyphosis ICT-ITL, VP-ITL, VP-T12, in comparison with radiography with a Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.712, 0.771, 0.745 (P<0.05), and obtained reliability through ICC was 0.966, 0.947, 0.887 (P<0.001). Results in the study of validity of formetric 4D system in the measuring of angles of lordosis ITL-ILS, ITL-DM, T12-DM, in comparison with radiography were 0.713, 0.734, 0.458 (P<0.05), and the reliability of intratester of system was obtained 0.923, 0.884, 0.896 (P<0.001) respectively. The results indicate that formetric 4D system has high validity and ICC in measuring kyphosis and lordosis. Therefore, this system could be a valid and reliable tool to measure these deformities, and a suitable replacement for radiography.

Intra operative awareness is one of the unpleasant complications of anesthesia. This complication must be decreased because of psychological and physiological consequences. This study was aimed aims to determine the effect of midazolam on reducing intra-operative awareness during general anesthesia. This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 154 patients candidate for elective surgery, 15-45 years old, in class I or II of American Society of Anesthesiologists)ASA), with mean surgery duration of an hour, no hearing problem, history of neurological illness, or taking effective medications in psychological and neurological terms were assigned randomly into two groups: intervention group receiving intravenous midazolam (2.5 mg/l), for general anesthesia 15 minutes prior to operation, and control group. Necessity to increase depth of anesthesia or sedative use and post operative symptom was analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS and K2. The symptoms of intraoperative awareness including lacrimation, requiring additional analgesia, and increased depth of anesthesia as well as post operative symptoms in terms of comfortable feeling in recovery were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control. Regarding the findings of the present study midazolam used as a premedication is effective on reducing the complications resulted from awareness during general anesthesia.

Defensins are one of the largest families of antimicrobial peptides and, because of their activity against bacteria, fungi, and many coated and uncoated viruses are very profitable as new antibiotics. This study was done to evaluate the optimization of expression, purification and handling antibacterial features of BNBD2 protein.

In this experimental laboratory study, E. coli BNBD2 (DE3) carrying pET-32a(+) vector in which BNBD2 was homogenized was used. BNBD2 expression was evaluated through changes in cell density, growth temperature, the duration of induction using vertical electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Bradford test both qualitatively and quantitatively. The purification of recombinant protein was done by chemical method of fission in the position of formic acid and passing Centricon, and anti-bacterial effect of the purified protein on some gram negative and gram positive bacteria was examined

By induction start in optical absorption of 0.8 in wave length of 600 nm and inducing IPTG in concentration of 1 milimolar, growth temperature of 300C, and duration of 4h after induction, the highest expression was obtained in Luria-Bertani culture medium. The recombinant protein was purified by fission in formic acid and passing centricon. Western blot test results indicated that the recombinant protein was specifically connected to mouse anti-(His) 6 peroxidase antibody. The formation of inhibition zone in culture media of Hinton agar containing culture swab of the studied bacteria indicated this protein’s antibacterial property.

BNBD2 protein has antibacterial effects and can be expressed in E. coli and this protein has antibacterial effects.

Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Jashir in Persian) is a medicinal plant, native to southern Iran and used in traditional medicine for many disorders. Several studies have been conducted to detect its herbal components and therapeutic characteristics. This review article has introduced P. ferulacea morphological, biosystematics properties, and herbal components, and assessed its valuable therapeutic properties. The information of this review article have been gathered from journals accessible in databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline, Pubmed, EMBASE, and Iran Medex up to May 2013. The search terms were “Prangos” and “ferulacea”, and “Prangos ferulacea”, and “P. ferulacea”. In traditional medicine, P. ferulacea has been used in pain relief, inflammation, diabetes recovery, and fight against various microorganism including bacteria and fungi. Arial parts of this plant are highly valuable for animal feeding. The main components of P. ferulacea are monoterpen compounds particularly α- and β-pinene, and the existence of monoterpens, sesquiterpenes, coumarines, flavonoids, alkaloids, tanens, saponins, trepnoids, and especially antioxidants has been reason for antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiviral, analgesic, antispasmodic, and anti abortion properties of this plant. Traditional applications of P. ferulacea in treatment of many diseases and its valuable medicinal and herbal components could provide a context for scientists to develop plant-derived medications such as antibiotics, sedatives and diabetes treating drugs, and key to conducting clinical trials.